The documentation for cal shows how to enable a font option (stylistic set) to get a different style, but I don’t think this will help you.
I think this is just New Computer Modern Math (used by Typst) being different from the default Latex font. If you do \usepackage{fontsetup} (the more recent way to setup fonts in Latex) it will also use New Computer Modern and you’ll get the same style as Typst.
To answer directly your question: you’d need to find a Truetype/OpenType font with this style for calligraphic letters. I don’t know if there’s one.