You can achieve this with a show rule for image and table. This will wrap every image and table in a figure element, but you won’t be able to use a caption, a label or anything else that requires a figure (unless you add it directly in the show rule).
#show image: figure
#show table: figure
#table([0, 1, 2, 3])
Note that only writing figure inside the show rule is just the short version of it => figure(it).