You can use #set heading(offset: 1)
to “bump” all headings by one level, as follows:
#let chapter = heading.with(level: 1, numbering: n => [Chapter #n.]) // <--- override level calculation
#set heading(offset: 1) // <--- heading level by default is depth (amount of '=') + offset (default zero)
#set heading(numbering: (chapter, ..n) => numbering("1.", ..n)) // <--- omit chapter number from heading number
#outline()
#chapter[Origins]
= Title
== Subtitle
=== Subsubtitle
#chapter[Epilogue]
= Title