I think the real problem here is that there are errors in the SVG file. The style attributes of all <text> nodes contain
stroke:#000000; stroke-opacity:0.00 stroke-width:0
where there is a semicolon missing between the 0.00 and the stroke-width. This makes Typst not recognize that the stroke should be invisible, but instead makes all text be outlined with a black stroke. I suppose that Chrome and Word are more lenient in parsing, and just pretend that there is a semicolon there.
To fix this, you can just add the missing semicolons, or remove all stroke related fields from the text nodes entirely.
Fixed version of the SVG
