It works for me using v0.11.1:
#show quote.where(block: true): set block(spacing: 5em)
// #show quote.where(block: true): block.with(spacing: 5em)
// #show quote.where(block: true): set block(above: 5em, below: 5em)
#lorem(25)
#quote[
inline quote
]
#lorem(25)
#quote(block: true)[
block quote
]
#lorem(25)
But there is a small caveat: To make a block quote with a border on the left side, like on GitHub - #4 by SillyFreak.