I’m new to Typst, want to understand the challenges in Typst especially in handling MathML, TeX/LaTeX, XML, complex tables, huge images, bibliographies and so on
This will help me to decide on migrating the projects from InDesign to Typst, as InDesign is commercial and huge license cost
What limitations does Typst currently have compared to LaTeX?
Although Typst can be a LaTeX replacement for many today, there are still features that Typst does not (yet) support. Here is a list of them which, where applicable, contains possible workarounds.
Well-established plotting ecosystem. LaTeX users often create elaborate charts along with their documents in PGF/TikZ. The Typst ecosystem does not yet offer the same breadth of available options, but the ecosystem around the cetz package is catching up quickly.
Change page margins without a pagebreak. In LaTeX, margins can always be adjusted, even without a pagebreak. To change margins in Typst, you use the page function which will force a page break. If you just want a few paragraphs to stretch into the margins, then reverting to the old margins, you can use the pad function with negative padding.
As for bibliographies, GB/T 7714 Benchmark (GB/T 7714 is a standard for citation & bibliography styles) can give you a glance of the support levels. This website is not yet available in English, but you can browse the /compare/ page and view the diagram. (The texts in the diagram means Number of bibliography entries that match the standard exactly.)