That’s a bug that should be reported. (Edit: no need, it’s mentioned by mattf it’s fixed in development version of typst, which I also confirmed.)
If you draw them in boxes it seems to avoid the crash, in case you want to continue: for i in range(start, end) {box(stroke: 0.1pt, inset: 0.1em)[#str.from-unicode(i)]}
You can also loop over dictionary(emoji) to list all the top level emojis. Unfortunately I don’t think it’s possible to inspect which variant/subemojis each symbol has, so I can’t list them all (like emoji.airplane.landing etc).
You need to specify which font to use for these Unicode characters, because Typst compiler doesn’t have fonts that have these characters. There is typst fonts.